iOS updates generally aim to enhance user experience, boost security, and fix bugs rather than disrupt core features. Not charging issues after updates might stem from underlying, unmentioned factors. Updates won't typically alter personal data but may refine settings or features. Backup before major updates for safety. Review Apple's update details and backup advice for a smooth process.
This seems purely coincidental so please check the Setting on your device. If your iPhone or iPod touch won't charge - Apple Support

See what each update does: About iOS 17 Updates, About iOS 16 Updates, About iOS 15 Updates, About iOS 14 Updates, About iOS 13 Updates, About iOS 12 Updates, and so on...