Using Apple Mail on the Mac, you can tick "Enable blocked mail filtering". That enables you to select either "Mark as blocked mail, but leave it in my Inbox" or "Move it to the Trash". Junk is not an option, yet that is where the blocked mail ends up if you select "Move it to the Trash" and that is the issue. The work-around to "Erase Junk Mail" itself opens the possibility of deleting mail one has inadvertently marked as junk.

With regard to "blocked mail filtering", the user does not explicitly mark mail as Junk.
The safeguard for recovering mail sent to the Trash would be to set an appropriately long period or "never" at "Mail->Preferences->Accounts->Mailbox Behaviors->Erase deleted messages:"
[Image Edited by Moderator to Remove Personal Information]