The fact that both of your headphones stopped connecting right after the update points to something on the iPhone's end, not the headphones.
I suggest giving the following a try:
Reset iPhone's Bluetooth Stack
- Go to Settings > General > Transfer or Reset iPhone > Reset > Reset Network Settings. This will reset Wi-Fi passwords and Bluetooth pairings, so be ready to reconnect everything manually.
- Reboot the phone after the reset, then try pairing the headphones again.
Check Bluetooth Permissions (Post-iOS Update Quirks)
- Go to Settings > Privacy & Security > Bluetooth, and make sure any apps that might interact with Bluetooth are still allowed.
- Go to Settings > Bluetooth, toggle it off, wait 10 seconds, then toggle it on.
Force Pairing Mode
- For your Beats: Hold the power button for 10+ seconds until the LED blinks white (not red or red/white — white is key for pairing).
- For your 3M WorkTunes: Hold the power/Bluetooth button until you hear "pairing mode" — sometimes holding longer than usual helps post-update.
FWIW, I have a 3rd gen. iPhone SE, running 18.5. I don't have any Beats headphones, but I do have Apple AirPods and a pair of 3M WorkTunes headphones ... and all of them are still paired and working with my phone.