I understand that you have pictures that you see in Photos, but they don't show their locations--even though you are sure that they have GPS data-- is that right? We're hearing that this can be some sort of glitch that sometimes happens when a phone has been set to use Face ID to control Hidden and Recently Deleted views.
At Settings>Apps>Photos

Turn OFF the "Use Face ID" switch. Mine is on, because this doesn't seem to affect my 16. This seems to leave Hidden and Recently Deleted unsecured, so you may want to turn "Show Hidden Album" off, as well.
See if this works for you. If it does, leave feedback here:
Feedback - Photos - Apple