Does shorter cable work? Yes and No. Here is what happened.
Same problem with MBA M3 15".
I had an M1 MBA and M1 MBP flawlessly connecting to a Samsung LU28R55 4K 60Hz monitor via 6 ft long 4k@60 DP Cable (QGeeM USB-C to Display Port, Thunderbolt 3 compatible), but this MBA M3 won't do it, and won't recognize the display.
This monitor features one DP 1.2 and 2x HDMI 2.0
HDMIs are occupied and I wanted to use DP for mac for greater image quality.
I always use my macs in clamshell mode.
Initial Observation with M1s: while disconnecting this 2-year old 2 ft long DP cable with the previous M1's there was always some momentary flickering on the screen and I never minded as it never caused a permanent problem, just when unplugging, seemed normal.
After countless trials with the new MBA 15" M3 and the 2ft cable, it never worked, never had a single pixel, and the display never showed up in the system settings.
Reading here, I bought the shortest I could find, one of the listed ones in a previous reply here (Silkland USB-C to DisplayPort 8K60 - 3.3 ft), and it worked with a caveat, and maybe not as intended. Here is how it works:
First of all everytime I connect the new cable, my MBA consistently shows it in the display settings which is a good sign, but not everytime the display works. It tries to display, maybe for a moment of two, but then flickers and goes out. It's just the way it was flickering with my other cable with older M1s only when I was trying to unplug them.
However, moving the monitor or the cable drastically changes the situation, when I hook up my MBA to the monitor, it takes me 3-4 tries to permanently get the display working. Each time I play around with either the cable, or move the monitor a bit.
When I got the display working, it works like a charm until I unplug or touch the cable, move the monitor etc. No going off after a certain time by itself. Not a single flicker even after days of hooked up. It's like trying to start a manual transmission car without battery, by pushing it. You struggle to start it, but once it starts it's good.
It seems like, the M3 is extremely sensitive and has very high expectations about the signal and a little change in the signal (by touching/moving the cable for example) immediately leads to drop/lose the whole signal altogether. Someone in the previous replies wrote something about that and I think it's true. M1s didn't work that way. It used to flicker when I start messing with the cable but it was just flickering, I never lost the display completely and when I stopped moving the cables the flickering always went away.
My M1s and M3 are using the same OS version Sonoma 14.5 and as M1s don't have this issue, I believe it's not related to OS.
For me, it's clearly about how M3 handles and manages display signals, and it's different than M1.
As a result,
Yes, shorter cable definitely works, but may not work every time.
When I successfully hook up, it works, but when I disconnect (and go somewhere) it's unlikely that I can get the display working when it hook up on the first try, when I come back.
For this inconvenience, I ordered a caldigit docking station with HDMI and DP port out, and I'm planning to try my standard issue DP cable hoping to get more stable connection as there would be no conversion on cable, and eliminate the flickering altogether.
I'll let you know if it works or not. Until then, I'll keep fighting my way with this cable.