What is the exact model of the Mac and version of macOS? You can get this information by clicking the Apple menu and selecting "About This Mac".
What is the exact make & model of the external SSD?
Are you using any adapters, docks, or hubs with this SSD?
If you are connecting the SSD directly to the Mac, then maybe try connecting it to a dock or hub, or use a dedicated power supply for the external drive if the SSD supports one.
Are you able to test this SSD with another Mac? Or any other computer? Do you have any other external drives to test?
Make sure to disconnect all other external devices in case one of them is causing a problem.
Try booting the Mac into Safe Mode to see whether you have the same problem.
Has this SSD ever worked properly with this specific Mac or is this a recent change in behavior? If a recent change in behavior, then what may have changed around the time of the first incident? Same goes for whether this SSD has ever worked for this version of macOS?