Kernel panic again and again

mefiX wrote:

They recommended to remove/erase all data and, if that doesn't help, to reinstall the OS.

I did both of the above and I still get kernel panics.

Did you test the laptop thoroughly before installing any third party software or restoring from a backup? If not, then you may have brought the problem back. I think in your case you will need to actually "Restore" the firmware instead as that may also address any issues with the security enclave. However, this process does require access to another Mac running macOS 10.15+:

Revive or restore a Mac with Apple silicon using Apple Configurator - Apple Support

I can eliminate the external monitor for sure, because I only get kernel panics whenever the charger is plugged in. ..... But as soon as I plugin in the external charger via USB-C it takes about 5 minutes (randomly of course) and the kernel panics.

Is this the Apple OEM charger? Have you tried another USB-C port on the laptop (don't recall if the Air has one or two ports)? Have you tried using another USB-C charging cable?

Try rotating the USB-C connector on the charging cable 180 degrees upside down in case the USB-C port is half bad.

Did Apple also test your charger and charging cable? You may want to go back and have them test it along with the laptop again. Hopefully it is reproducible in front of a tech.

Unplug the charger from the electrical outlet for a minute to reset the charger's internal circuitry to see if this helps. Also try using the charger on another electrical outlet on another electrical circuit (one on a different circuit breaker or fuse) and connecting to the wall instead of any power strips....testing at another physical location may be even better. There is a chance you may have some sort of electrical issue with the home wiring.

Kernel extensions are what interface with the hardware. Yes there are many, but yours are all Apple.

I would tend to think memory, not SSD., but it appears to be a hardware problem.

Take it to an Apple Store Genius Bar or Authorized Repair Center.

Rember from Kelly Computing is an app that uses memtest to check RAM, but why does it matter?

You have a hardware problem that probably can only be determined by the tests available only to Apple and service centers. If it is RAM, the RAM is soldered to the logic board.

You could erase all contents and settings, then reinstall macOS. If it panics with nothing installed or connected, then it is definitely hardware. It is certainly worthwhile to run without the external display to rule that out.

Between January 15 and January 18, I experienced a series of CATERR-related kernel panics on my 2019 MacBook Air. These panics began to be limited to diagnostic mode and safe mode after I reinstalled the OS on January 20. These panics may indicate a hardware issue with the T2 chip that was encountered in 13.1 and I have since updated the OS to 13.2. I hope that this will resolve the problem.

Just confirm the Windows computer isn't plugged in at the same time?

It didn't have this problem, but another post had a problem with a monitor connected to USB-C. That person found if they turned off USB over the monitor's USB-C port, there wasn't a problem. The only way I make the connection is power might be sent over USB when the power is attached, but not on battery. That person could turn off USB data in the monitor's menu. The kexts in the backtrace have nothing to do with power or USB, so not particularly hopeful.

Sometimes you can fix power issues with an SMC reset. However, that is accomplished on an M1 Mac merely by restarting with power connected. I can't imagine that has not been done.

Or, it could be the monitor or cable.

And also I changed the charging port and rotated the cable.

I sent my Mac in for repair on Friday.