Satechi – Mac Mini M4 Stand & Hub with SSD Enclosure
It looks like this device uses USB protocol – not Thunderbolt protocol – and so, in terms of data transfer, would be compatible with any of the Mac mini's USB-C ports, front or back. (Not that plugging it into either front port would be practical given the short length of the permanently-attached cable.)
Satechi's description says:
"Only supports NVMe M.2 PCIe Solid State Drives (SSDs). SSDs equipped with heatsinks and double-sided drives are incompatible with this enclosure."
The Crucial P3 SSDs are M.2 PCIe NVMe SSDs, but you might want to check that yours meets the requirements as to not having a heatsink or being a double-sided drive.