Lost phone, data, passwords

I recently lost my phone, dropped it in the lake. I hot my replacement. When I tried to start up, I couldn’t remember ANY passwords (apple, email, and all personal accounts).

Im waiting for the 11day lockdown to be done. When prompted to use other device, I used my work phone.

my work phone started to get erased, thinking it was being replaced.

So now I have lost ALL of my personal information, including all passwords. My work phone and personal phone now have mirrored info. Not an ideal situation. How do I get my information onto my personal phone and no correct the 2 being tied together?