Same person here now having problems loggin in via the old ID for dino_russ told me it was locked. Further investigation finds that for some reason this old Apple ID that all my subscriptions and media and software purchases was on is old legacy Apple ID. This is one from old days when you had a login name for the ID rather than a email address for the login “name”. I have been noticing problems in logging in with that old legacy ID as of date when using it on my M2 Pro 16 inch macbook after installation of Sonoma 14.x
Places I used to login with old lagacy name would not work, I had to assign a email address to it . I had been using my aliased iCloud emails. I have a main newer iCloud Apple ID that was using my old grandfathered I could email address of name@mac.com and for some reason this main Apple ID now wants the main real (not aliased) email address of name@icloud.com. So with my old legacy Apple ID it suddenly would not take the aliased email addresses I gave it (name@me.com, ect).
Having to make changes to get the legacy ID to work since all my subscriptions, software purchases and upgrades and media purchases on it was getting weird since Sonoma even though I spend much more time in ipadOS and ios on my iphone. It used to me the way apple dealt with these legacy apple ID’s was they became under the umbrella of the newer email login account and in iPadOS and iOS under that you could see my subscriptions assigned to the named legacy account and my media and purchases also assigned. But the wierdness with this working really got wonky with latest Sonoma updates and was causing me problems
then I get the notice on January 2 that my subscription of office 365 will not work because the card with it was invalid and I go and look at my subscription payment under the legacy ID and sure enough the bank card assigned to it (via Apple Pay nonetheless )was now in valid no security code, or it was expired. All the stuff you are seeing and sure enough I cannot delete and replace it with my bank card I get the invalid thing you see and cannot verify.
well the office subscription is important as are some of upgrades but they are random through out the year my Office is monthly and will be paid next week.. I finally came up with a workaround for me. I have an Apple Card and it is assigned to be paid easily in wallet app on iOS and IPad OS when I choose and i get notifications of charges to it like my monthly iPhone loan payment. I pay that as soon as it hits now after 3 months I also have 12 dollars cash back LOL. So I went ahead and assigned the Apple Card to my legacy subscriptions and media purchases. And when i get a notification I will just take the time to pay it off once it hits the Apple Card balance. Not a nice automatic way but way to monitor my subscription and media and software update charges so it will work.
I have looked at my overarching iCloud ID and it does not see the subscriptions or media purchases they are still under the old legacy Apple ID but I assigned it my university email address where I work. And it liked that and now ai can sign in and use it, work with it in places it would not allow logins (like here after my 3 posts to you which had been made via the old login name login vs the use of the email assigned to it now logging in).
I did a lot of looking at it appears apple has done lots of tinkering with how Apple ID and ICloud work in Sonoma and I suspect this is the problem you and I both faced in assigning a valid version of the card that works on iphone and iPad even though it is through the overarching main ID (in my case) and secondarily my old ID payment on file that my iOS and IPadOS see fine. Something changed in Sonoma and the ID problems have grown a lot. I believe the latest 14.2.1 and 14.2 came in December and it was the last couple weeks of December I started haveding login problems using my old Apple ID via the name login method I had always been allowed to use. And then came January 2 and I got email that the charges to my office subscription would not work and the issue you also see.
I do not know what Apple ID you were using was it an old one with name login vs email login? Or just one of several ID accounts you have. But Sonoma is making big messes and I look around and people are having all kinds of Apple ID and related iCloud problems. I do not have specific details of what apple did but in general that they made major changes to how the ID and iCloud work in Sonoma especially the December updates. They broke something big tie and of course I suspect are not gonna acknowledge it unless there are major outcry’s
will be watching this under new login for now. Hope this somehow helps you rather than confuse your search for a solution.