Ok, so yesterday I went on a mission to fix this issue because the level of upset I was was big…
I have found that the data is there and being recorded just fine! So don't panic there!
I installed a third party sleep tracker from the list that's at the end of the sleep section of the health app (I did a little research and got autosleep and for $6 from a broke all the time person I 10/10 reccomend) and set it up to sync all data with the health app and BOOM the most comprehensive sleep analysis I've ever laid eyes on!
My conclusion: Whatever update that rolled out in September broke the stock sleep apps analysis functionality.
I hope I was able to help! Sorry it's not the answer we all want (for apple to fix their app) but I've at least found a solid work around in the meantime.