Problems transferring some albums from iTunes to iPhone

Are they in the same music format as the others?

Convert a song to a different file format with the Apple Music app or iTunes for Windows - Apple Support

Convert music file formats in iTunes on PC - Apple Support

1. Are you using Sync / Entire music library, or Sync / Selected playlists, artists, albums and genres? If it's the latter, are the new songs included in the list of items to be copied (not transferred) to the iPod?
2. Do any of the new songs have exclamation marks to the left of the song's title (in your library)?
3. When the Sync completes, is there an error message (in iTunes) telling you that some items did not copy to the iPod? If so, clicking on the message box's + icon will show you the list, but unfortunately, won't tell you why.
4. Are the songs ticked (checked) in your iTunes Library? The easiest way to see that is to use the Songs view and look for the tick boxes to the left of each song's title. The iTunes default is to not copy (to devices) any song that is not ticked. If this is the case, tick the songs and then Sync again.

My only suggestion at this point is to:

1. 1. untick the boxes of the problem albums (and/or tracks),
   2. synchronise your iPhone to your iTunes Library (which should "ensure" that those songs are "removed" (yes, I know that they're not currently on there, but...)
   3. then, tick the boxes again
   4. finally, synchronise the phone to your library once more

By doing that, it might help iTunes get itself sorted out (if that is actually the issue).

To tick or untick several boxes at once, use CTRL/Click in any of the tickboxes, but be careful to do this in a list that contains only the songs you are targeting (i.e. the album itself). Otherwise, you will untick every single song. If the first CTRL/Click doesn't tick the boxes, that indicates that some of your selection was ticked and some was not.

If the tick box column is missing:

you can turn it back on by clicking on iTunes' top bar menu Edit/Preferences/General>Show>List view tickboxes (if you have set your iTunes to use American English, it may state "checkboxes"):

and...