these display speeds are running very close to the physical limit of the switching speeds of digital logic. fetching screen data at these rates does not need much processor intervention, but is still very intensive.
The Mac Studio uses a memory organization that is inherently faster and optimized for getting data out to the displays. ANY factor that makes even a small difference in the display data timing could make the difference between attaining 60 Hz and being limited to 30 Hz.
Maybe you already wrote it, but I missed whether you were able to get the display's maximum resolution in each case, or just the Mac's stated resolution in each case.