Major Issues:
Anything that appears on this list needs immediate attention.
Automatic updates disabled - Automatic updates are disabled. This computer is at risk of malware infection.
Security updates disabled - Security updates are disabled. This computer is at risk of malware infection.
Kernel panics - This system has experienced kernel panics. This could be a sign of hardware failure.
Apple security disabled - Apple security software is disabled. This computer is at risk of malware infection.
Having the built-in system security is never a good idea. Probably not what is causing the present issue, but an unnecessary risk.
You don't have to turn on automatic OS updates (I much prefer to do them manually, after hearing the first user reactions and having made sure to have an up to date backup).
But security updates should be installed as soon as they come. And SIP should not be left turned off. In the rare occasions where turning it off may be needed, it should be turned back on as soon as possible.
I would try uninstalling surfshark and see if it helps.
Also, as a test: does the same loss of ethernet occur if you do the same speed test in Safe Mode?
There were two kernel panics two days ago. These are fatal crashes where the whole system goes down, requiring a restart, and could be caused by hardware or a software extension. Did this happen in connection with a situation like the one described in this thread?