Hello and welcome to Apple Support Communities, xnite_,
If we understand your post correctly, a message didn't send and the notification about that keeps reappearing. We’d like to help.
It sounds like you've done some great troubleshooting so far. The next step is to restart your iPhone. If you haven't already use the steps here to do that: Restart your iPhone
If you've already restarted your iPhone after the steps you took previously, we'd recommend contacting Apple Support directly. You can do that here:
Contact Apple Support
Thanks for using the Apple Support Communities.