The Other display that is very similar to the Thunderbolt Display has MagSafe, Mini DisplayPort, and USB connectors in its lead-in cord. It requires a comparatively cheap USB-C to Mini DisplayPort adapter.
The Apple Thunderbolt Display has a MagSafe and a ThunderBolt-2 and no others in its lead-in cord. To connect that model (and NO other types of displays, even with additional adapters) use the Apple ThunderBolt-3 <-> ThunderBolt-2 adapter (about US$50).
Most external drive enclosures readily accept USB connections. Even very old enclosures can be adapted with cheap USB-C to USB adapters (rated for USB-3, if required). You generally can use any old adapter and it will work fine.
On the other hand, if adapting for a USB display, exceptional care must be taken to assure that top speed cables and adapters are used, because the data rates involved are very high.