Hello, DGavin07.
Thank you for using Apple Support Communities.
For your error, does this also happen if you use automatic downloads? Download podcasts from the iTunes Store on PC - Apple Support
"Choose settings for individual podcasts
Each podcast you subscribe to can have its own settings. Settings you choose for an individual podcast override your default podcast settings.
- In the iTunes app
on your PC, choose Podcasts from the pop-up menu at the top left, then click Library. - Select a podcast, then click the Settings button
near the top right of the episodes list. - Choose the settings you want: Download Episodes: Choose On to automatically download new podcast episodes when they become available.
- Click Done to save your changes."
Also, is this specific to one or all podcasts?
When you have a chance, this is a great article to review and check for any issues with iTunes: Resolve issues between iCloud for Windows or iTunes and third-party security software - Apple Support
Lastly, make sure this isn't an issue with your internet and device. Try another device and or if possible, try another internet connection.
You may also need to check to make sure ports aren't blocking Apple Services: TCP and UDP ports used by Apple software products - Apple Support Specifically, port 80 TCP as this is related to Podcasts.
Best regards.