Hey there 3loom,
Thanks for reaching out to Apple Support Communities. I understand your books and photo albums are not appearing in Finder when syncing with your iPhone. I’ll be happy to help with this.
If this occurred after updating your Mac, make sure your iPhone is up to date as well:
Update your iPhone, iPad, or iPod touch
Then make sure you’re following the steps in this link when attempting to sync your photos:
Sync photos between your Mac and iPhone or iPad
If you still have issues, make sure you’re using an Apple branded Lightning to USB (or USB-C) cable.
Boot into safe mode after this and try syncing again:
How to use safe mode on your Mac
If possible, test with another iOS device as well.
As for your Books, are these books you purchased from the Book Store? If you received them from a third-party, make sure they are not DRM protected as that may have an impact on this.
Cheers.