Can't set up End-to-End encryption without password to old device
I'm trying to finish setting up a new phone, and one of the steps is to resume data syncing with iCloud, which requires end-to-end encryption. I tap on "Resume Data Sync" and am prompted to enter the password to an older MacBook Pro, which I no longer have and do not recall the password that was used. I then tap on "Don't know MacBook Pro password?" link, which then prompts me to Choose Another Device. However, the only two devices listed are that same MacBook.
iCloud data not syncing isn't a problem since I don't have that laptop anymore, but there are other features that I would like to enable that require end-to-end encryption (like setting up a legacy contact), and I'm stuck in this same cycle of asking for a password to a device that no longer exists.
I have removed that device from my Apple ID profile, so I'm not sure where to go from here.