Thanks so much for your feedback. Let me answer in order.
I'm not clear on what "propositional sizing" means-- is that just changing the cropping frame?
-I can only grab one of the 4 corners to resize the photo proportionally
And, as reference, cropping seems to work normally on my phone, iPad, and Mac. Have you tried a forced restart?
Force restart iPhone - Apple Support
This is different from a simple Power Off. I had to continue holding the button down past the "slide to power off" message, and then I released the button only after the Apple Logo appeared indicating a re-start.
yes multiple times
What is your storage on this iPhone? At Settings>General>iPhone Storage, my phone says 50.5 GB of 128 GB used. What does yours say? Do you have more than 10% free storage on your iPhone?
-74GB of 128GB used
Are you using iCloud Photos to synchronize your devices? If so
…Do you have “Optimize Storage” checked in Photos’ Settings YES
…Do you see all your iPhone pictures at iCloud.com? YES
…Do you see all your Mac pictures at iCloud.com? I DO NOT HAVE A MAC
…Do you have more than 10% free storage on your iCloud account? 21 of 50GB