Once you give a third party your email address, there is no way to stop them from sharing it. That is true for any information you provide to someone else. It is like giving someone your phone number, you are not able to stop them from giving it to someone else.
Apple provides a service called Hide My Email that lets you choose throwaway accounts for each service you would give your email address to so you have control over it and can remove it at any time. That way your regular email account is not constantly being filled up with spam and can identify the service who is selling your email address. It does require an iCloud+ subscriptions starting at 99 cents(US)/month.
How to use Hide My Email with Sign in with Apple - Apple Support