Hello Richard, many thanks for offering your time to sort this, very much appreciated thank you.
On re-reading my comments, yes, I can see what you mean. I've been using MacBook for 3 months and am learning the jargon still so please allow me to start again, being more careful in my choice of words and using screenshots to help, thank you!
A. I've never used iCloud.com it's switched off (see screenshot).

B. I only use iCloud to manually share files using Finder and Files and also Passwords. It's switched off for everything else (see screenshot).....
C. I switched off iCloud use by Photos in the 4 places I found the option (again see screenshot below)...

D. Sometime later I discovered there was another screen also controlling App access to iCloud, via the [Drive] box on the iCloud+ page. At the time there was only one App showing called Universal Control. (see screenshots).

E. When I learned the purpose of Universal Control I admit I messaged Apple Support to verify this other way of Apps using the iCloud was all OK. They assured me it was all normal behaviour.
F. I began checking this Apps Synching to iCloud Drive page every day, and sure enough, other Apps appeared at random i.e. TextEdit, Spotlight, QuickTime Player and Preview. I turned them off and then used the [Manage] feature on the iCloud+ page to see if the App had data stored in the iCloud and immediately deleted it if it did.
G. I wasn't concerned about these Apps appearing, until on 5th July 2025 the Photos App appeared there.
H. I switched it off and then deleted the substantial iCloud data Photos was using (as per F above).
I. This concerned me for two reasons.....
- It was the first time an app had appeared in List B that was also present in List A.
- It meant the Photos App had ignored my 4 settings telling it not to use iCloud.
J. Next day I went to use Photos and found it was completely empty. No doubt because Photos had had time to upload them all to the iCloud, and I'd then deleted the iCloud data.
To answer your questions....
All the photos on my MacBook were loaded from my SD card so I simply uploaded them all again.
Here's my library....

If there is anything else I can provide, logs etc. please ask (I'm overflowing with logs and diagnosis stuff due to other reasons).
I upgraded to Sequoia 15.6 tonight and other app appeared on the list......

Weather lol
I hope this helps clarify what I'm concerned about thank you Richard
[Edited by Moderator]