How do I stop alarm sound on my Mac Studio?

The sound in you short video sounds like an Alarm Clock going off and you may have hit the Snooze button

Set alarms in Clock on Mac

You can set alarms for any time of day and have them repeat on one or more days of the week. You can also customize each alarm with a unique name and sound

If this not helpful and as you have specifically mentioned " I didn’t reinstall the OS because it’s a company Mac "

Speak to your Company IT Department regarding this issue

You are welcome

FWIW - Looking through the Console logs is really a waste of your time

That is unless you are an Apple Software Engineer and even then

You would need to run the error logs through a Special Software, that is only available to those Software Engineers, to translate the information

Then and only then, you might understand the otherwise gibberish

The Company IT Department " Unfortunately the IT department can't or won't help, "

Then, I would take this up with your Immediate Superior

As for the next update for Sequoia ?

As this is a Company Owned compute, you may alert them that there is a Pending Sequoia 15.6 update that could be made available, once Apple decides it is ready for release

You are welcome