How to resolve iTunes not recognizing music on iPhone?

iTunes recognizes my phone 16 pro, but not the music that is loaded on it, some of which are from my own CDs. My itunes library is populated appropriately on my computer, just not on the phone. I reviewed this request below and followed the recommendations, but it does not provide a solution.

iTunes shows no music on device - Apple Community

I am not a apple music member, though I am beginning to suspect apple is making access to my own music so painful that I have no choice but to join.

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