Provided the Pages document that is now missing was saved on your local storage, you can use Spotlight in an attempt to locate it. From the Finder menu extras menubar, select Spotlight 🔍 and enter the following:
kind:pages modified:>12/01/2024 name:xxx
The '>' symbol means since and "xxx" is a case-insensitive string that forms part of the known filename.
The assumption about Spotlight is that in System Settings > Spotlight > Search Results panel you have the Documents category selected and do not have Macintosh HD included in the associated Spotlight Search Privacy… panel.
Also, remember that Pages will continue to save documents in the last saved folder until you change that location.
Apple's iCloud is not a backup strategy and Apple only provides a 30-day sliding window to recover documents deleted while on iCloud Storage.
If the above does not find the missing Pages document, click the Time Machine icon on the Finder menu extras menubar, and select Browse Time Machine backups. When that Time Machine interface appears, you can use a similar Spotlight search in that window.