Why is Apple Intelligence not supported on external boot disks?

I have a mini m1 that I boot off a thunderbolt 3 nvme. Runs the latest version of sequoia.


the volume is encrypted with Apple’s file system.


the option to enable AI states that booting macOS off an external disk is not supported.


is this an overlooked behavior from the public betas? Artificial market segmentation, like how my older 2011 mini didn’t “support” dark/night mode.


what is the technical limitation of there even is one?


i wouldn’t imagine that it’s a performance issue as thunderbolt nvme enclosures are plenty fast.


[Re-Titled By Moderator]

Mac mini, macOS 15.1

Posted on Oct 30, 2024 12:57 PM

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Posted on Nov 25, 2024 09:39 AM

I learned that it is possible to move your home directory to the external drive. This still allows for booting up off internal, gaining Apple Intelligence, and keeping all of your photos, movies and other space demanding files where you have less expensive storage. Applications will remain on the internal drive.


The process is hidden, but works perfectly fine based on my limited use thus far.


1) Boot from internal drive


2) Copy the home directory from internal drive (or in my case, older iMac) to external drive. If you already boot off external drive and user is located there, you can skip this step.


3) Update the user to point to the new location. (Sonoma) Go to Settings > Users & Groups > Right Click on the user name > Advanced Options ... (log in) > Home directory.


22 replies

Nov 1, 2024 11:26 AM in response to Meister Eckhardt

Yeah, apple has gotten me pretty good recently.


Bought an iPhone 15. Announced a few weeks after the return window that the 15 pro was the minimum requirement. Thought to myself, "ah well I have my mini I can try it out on". Much like your case I do tend to keep systems around for a while so I figured I might as well minimize disk writes from swapping, as I have the 8 GB model, by running the OS off of an external drive. You're right, bottom line is people do not know how long the NVME will last.


That'll show me.


As the base m1 mini's trade in isn't horrible for a computer released 4 years ago, I'm biting the bullet and trading it in for one of the new m4 minis as they come with 16GB. Sequoia apparently allows for apps to load/install off of an external drive so will just roll with that and boot from the internal.


Might be an option for you if apple doesn't change their posture on AI off an external disk. Might not be swapping as much with 32GB though I've no idea how intensive your workload is.


Nov 3, 2024 12:45 PM in response to bdtong

I see a lot of people mentioning that they’re still running older iOS versions on external hard drives with Mac minis, and the reasons for not updating are due to some of the older apps that they enjoy being excluded or terminated from those updates. Therefore, instead of adapting, they’ve just stopped themselves where they were and avoided all future security updates, which by the way can, and will never make sense to me because the implications are disastrous. The whole point of having Apple is for the majority the security. So to me when I hear people saying they’re not updating their security on their iOS services and systems. It blows my mind because you’re eliminating the reason all of the money and sacrifices from iOS are worth it having Apple. If you’re not worried about security updates and you’re just looking for Apple Intelligence, I would like to inform you that there are very strong, much more qualified AI systems out there that are available on external drives that are not Apple iOS. It seems to me people are staying with their old systems because they get comfortable with the programs and a program. So that when Apple decides to better it or in some people’s opinions, worse than by updating or eliminating certain programs and creating others to do the job people are hardwired to the past. It’s like saying I want to be able to help the Earth be more green so how do I make my 20th century Dodge Cummings diesel engine run off of AAA‘s batteries. not trying to be mean but if you want new stuff and you need to be able and willing to update if you buy a coffee maker because it has a creamer adapter, and the next version of that coffee maker does not have a creamer adapter, but you want it because it makes coffee taste better buy the new coffee maker and get your creamer somewhere else. Apple will not allow their new program. It’s still in beta to be available off-line from the cloud onto an external hard drive so that some person can copy the code and install it on their programs in their products. And so cheap knock offs of Apple products with the Apple Intelligence code on it. Just use your external hard drives for backup and update your internal drive for apple intelligence.

Jan 6, 2025 02:27 PM in response to professor_photon

There is one very unfortunate thing about having the home directory on the external drive. It simply does not work when Disk encryption is enabled. I have gone full circle attempting to find a solution.

1) Boot extern drive, but Apple Intelligence doesn't work.

2) Boot internal drive, and have home directory on external drive, but then I cannot encrypt the volume.

3) Try some hybrid approach of splitting things up, but that is akward to use.


The one thing I've not tried, and I don't know if it will work, and there are some downsides when it comes to reliability is to setup a JBOD that is both the internal and external drives as a single volume. Has anyone tried this?

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Why is Apple Intelligence not supported on external boot disks?

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