Why do browsers other than Safari keep loading on my MacBook Air?

Please download and run EtreCheck, and share the generated report to the clipboard. Then open a new reply here, and press the Additional Text button that looks like a printed page to get a text input box big enough to paste the hardware and software configuration report here, and paste and post that report here.

Potential causes of hangs and network routing errors include add-on security apps, add-on VPN client apps, add-on cleaner apps, add-on ad-blocker apps. and other such, resource issues or resource constraints, or maybe failing hardware.

What’s with the com.apple.applicationaccess forceAutomaticDateAndTime?

That (and Bluebook Exams) might mean this is a school Mac or a managed Mac, or has parental controls enabled.

If this is an IT- or parent- or school-managed Mac, check with them, too.

It’s also very low on main memory.

Is this Mac being managed by somebody? That might be an IT group, school, or parents or guardians? If so, check with them.