The Windows bootloader is no longer able to locate your Windows boot files because you have changed the partition layouts and position of those Windows system files.
You would need to use a Windows installer to attempt to fix the problem. Years ago the Windows installer had a recovery boot option where it had an option to attempt to automatically fix common boot issues, but I don't know how to access that mode anymore since Windows has changed Windows & the Windows installer a lot with Win10. I believe the Windows Automatic boot repair will resolve the problem if you can access that mode from the Windows installer.
Standard PC utilities should not be used on a Mac since they don't understand Macs. You need to be extremely careful here or you could damage your macOS installation as well.
This is a Windows issue at this point, so you will need to research how to resolve Windows boot issues in general, but it will probably be a bit more difficult because you are using a Mac. Microsoft has information on how to resolve Windows boot issues on standard PCs, but some of the basics are the same. Here is a link to a Microsoft article for automatic Startup Repair I mentioned including linking to the section you need to use:
https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/troubleshoot/windows-client/performance/windows-boot-issues-troubleshooting#boot-loader-phase
Before you do anything else, you should make sure to have a good backup of any important data in macOS and from your broken Windows installation now while you still can. Ideally you should already have frequent and regular backups since there are a lot of ways to permanently lose access to your data.
FYI, this is just one reason why I never recommend partitioning any drives, but I do realize it is necessary if you need to run Windows on bare metal of an Intel Mac. As for using Linux, then you should just install Linux into a VM, however, if you really need Linux installed on bare metal in order to access GPU hardware acceleration, then it would be best to install Linux to an external USB3 SSD instead in order to protect the internal boot drive. For those people with an M-series Mac, then installing Linux into a VM is the absolute best option unless they are willing & able to perform a DFU firmware Restore.