iPhone mail app missing a few emails - worried about compromised device

Earlier today, I visited an entirely legitimate website using Safari on my iPhone 12. However, after a few clicks, I realised that the website had been compromised and was trying to direct me to a dodgy site.

I closed it down very quickly, didn't input any information and I deleted the website data from my phone in settings. From what I can see, nothing has changed on my device and I understand that simply visiting a website isn't sufficient for my iPhone to be compromised anyway. I am running iOS 17.3.1 up-to-date.

Ordinarily, I wouldn't have thought any more about it EXCEPT I seem to be experiencing a strange bug today with the native mail application.

I have an Outlook.com email account and my partner advised that she had sent me an email (from her Gmail), that I had not received. I checked all folders on my iPhone and nothing has come through.

However, when I log into Outlook.com on the web, I can see the email sitting there in my inbox. I can also see another email that is there that is also not syncing to my device.

I tried sending myself an email from Outlook.com and that synced perfectly on my device, so it appears to be just two emails from a couple of hours ago that my device isn't picking up on.

I've tried resetting the device, changing the sync frequency, changing the sync period (currently set to past 1 month of emails) but it's still not coming through.

I don't really want to uninstall the mail account and reinstall as I am worried - following the earlier website - that my device might be compromised.

So, two questions:

Can someone confirm that an up-to-date device cannot be compromised simply by a redirect on a website, where nothing has been entered?

And second, what can I do to try and get my emails syncing again. Those two emails are not a big deal, but it bothers me because I'm forever going to be thinking that other emails aren't also coming through.

Outlook.com shows no errors at all.