The power adapter brings continuous DC power to the HomePod mini speaker. Power use will vary by volume (and by what else the HomePod chip has to do). With (12.5%) less watts available for a passive speaker (not HomePod), volume will be (~12.5%) lower. Not sure if it would clip or reduce over the full range. As an active speaker, the HomePod mini may need full 20W to function properly.
It is recommended to use at least a power adapter that has the capacity for the devices. Belkin would have dual USB-C power adapters at higher wattage (20+20W or more), if you insist on using dual port adapter for this. Do inquire with the manufacturer about its appropriateness for the intended use, as this is different from battery charging.