Voice message

To someone? To an Android or an iPhone is not clear from your post.

Probably your settings are to keep Audio messages only for 2 mins.

Settings > Messages > Expire [For Audio Message] > Never.

However, it is not deleted from the recipient's iPhone if they have not listened to it or set it to "Never", else it will disappear from their iPhone too after they listen to it

Audio Message when it disappears is not available even in the recently deleted folder.

We-inn Said:

"Voice message: I sent a voice message to someone, after I sent it I listened to it. Then it disappeared. Does that mean it disappeared for the recipient just because I listened to it? "

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Troubleshooting Voice Messages:

Ask the recipient if they received it, and if they have it.