Hi, and welcome to the Apple (user-to-user) Community.
Re: I lost my new device
Can you: Use the Find My app to locate a missing device or item – Apple Support
and you might want to follow the steps in the article below:
What to do: If your iPhone, iPad, or iPod touch is lost or stolen - Apple Support
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Your new phone may be covered by Apple Care ?:
Not sure if there's anything they can do to help:
(You may have the iPhone's serial number on a receipt or packaging.
You could click the link below / enter the serial number to find out what's available
Check Your Service and Support Coverage - Apple Support
One stop for technical support, Apple hardware service, and software support.
Call Apple Support at 1-800-APLCARE (or use the app)
AppleCare Products - Apple
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Re: "I can't do anything without the Apple ID"
Your Apple ID is generally an eMail address.
(You may have used it to log in here to the Apple Community.)
If you have another Apple device or Mac linked to the Apple ID,
you may be able to access your Apple ID and Apple ID password from that.
(Eg: FaceTime and Messages use the same Log-in details)
More details available in this discussion thread:
Is there anyway to reset apple id passwor… - Apple Community
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RE: "somehow I can retrieve it?"
Apple Support's article:
If you forgot your Apple ID email address or phone number - Apple Support
Or
Enter information to find your Apple ID:
https://iforgot.apple.com/appleid
And
What to do: If you forgot your Apple ID password - Apple Support
How to use account recovery when you can’t reset your Apple ID password
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Apple ID support / help
Apple ID - Official Apple Support
Apple phone numbers around the world
Contact Apple for support and service - Apple Support
All the best :-)