The latest macOS that would work with your MacBook Pro is macOS Catalina 10.15.7. Please see my steps below to upgrade:
1) Back up your Mac's contents using Time Machine: Back up your Mac with Time Machine - Apple Support - Please keep in mind that 32 bit apps will not run on any macOS past Mojave 10.14
2) Visit this link to download older versions of macOS: How to get old versions of macOS - Apple Support (make sure you are using Safari!)
3) Scroll down to find the Catalina link and click it to download the installer from the App Store.
4) After the download is finished, launch the installer and follow the instructions to install it.
5) In the setup process for Catalina, use Migration Assistant to restore your files and apps: Move your content to a new Mac - Apple Support