I just updated my OS to macOS Catalina and now my MS Office doesn't work! Is there a quick way to get the MS Office programs working?

Yes. You upgrade to a release compatible with Catalina. We had so many warnings that 32 bit apps would no longer work.

A decent alternative is to look at Libre Office or Open Office, free, broad compatibility with Micro$oft, minor re-learning required.

I've used it since 2009 after being a long term M$ user. There are a few differences, but nothing you won't handle. When you don't know how to do a thing, use Google