Moving Apple Mail messages with attachments from Inbox to a local folder causes messages to disappear

I've had this problem with Apple Mail for several years, with two different MacBook Pros, and with multiple OS upgrades. There have several Apple discussions about this, but no resolution. Here are the symptoms:

• When I move a message containing an attachment from the "Inbox" to a local mail folder, the entire message disappears except for the subject line
• Messages without attachments have no problem
• Moving the corrupted message back to the "Inbox" doesn't restore the message
• Rebuilding the local mail folder where I moved the message causes the message to disappear entirely
• This happens regardless of the app that sent the email, and regardless of whether the mail is sent to my Exchange or Gmail account
• If I reply to the message (without sending) and move it from "Drafts" to another folder, or if I reply/send and move the message from "Sent Mail" to another folder, the message and its attachments are "inoculated" and can be moved from folder to folder at will without corruption

Any advice on how to fix this problem would be greatly appreciated.