My Intel MacBook Pro 13" (2020) keeps shutting down after the Tahoe update.

I own a 13-inch Intel MacBook Pro (2020, 2 GHz Quad-Core i5). Two days ago, I updated from Sequoia to Tahoe 26.1. For the first two days, everything ran perfectly. There were a few stutters, but I thought they would improve over time. However, since this morning, the device has been crashing repeatedly. A pattern emerges: While I'm working, 75% of the screen suddenly goes black, and the system becomes unresponsive. Then, it shuts down automatically with a loud, whirring noise (similar to a very fast-running fan). After a few seconds, it restarts. The strangest thing is that I have no idea when it happens.