How to switch Apple IDs between iPhones without transferring data?

orion202 wrote:

I want the apple ID on my 16 to be on my 17 without any of the data

Disable all iCloud syncing features on the 16. Sign into the 17 with the account that was on the 16. Read this support article about how to change your iCloud feature settings [iOS, Mac, PC] - Change which apps sync and store data with iCloud - Apple Support

i also want a new apple ID with all that old data on my 16 itself

When you sign out of the 16 it will ask if you want to keep the data already on the 16. Say yes to everything, then sign in with the new account. If you want this data to sync to the new account's iCloud, turn syncing features back on on the 16.

1) SIMs on iPhone do not store data; only cellular service information.

2) USA iPhones use eSIMS, not cards. If you are going to be using an eSIM, your carrier needs to set that up.

The SIMs are not a data transfer issue.

Now I am a bit confused as to what is being transferred where and which ones have which Apple accounts.

As for the 16 iPhone, when you sign out of the current account on that phone it will ask you if you wish to keep data. Say yes (default will probably be "no"). Note that you may still have issues such as account-specific data might now reappear, and apps will ask for your old account if you try to update them. You may wish to set up Family Sharing with yourself. To learn how to set up Family Sharing, read this support article --> How to set up Family Sharing on your iPhone, iPad, or Mac - Apple Support

So your account on the 16 is now going to be on the 17? Do you want your data from the old account on it, or not? This is where you are talking about multiple devices and multiple accounts and transferring some and not others...