Re: "Refund of unsubscribed transaction : I cancelled my SuperGrok subscription (Grok 4 access) before the renewal, but ₹700 was still deducted via UPI Mandate."
Seems a subscription needs to be cancelled at least 24 hours before it expires if you do not want to be charged for the following subscription period.
If subscription was via payments to Apple:
For help cancelling from Apple: See: If you want to cancel a subscription from Apple - Apple Support
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Re: "I tried requesting a refund through Apple’s “Report a Problem” page, but the transaction on the said date is not showing up, so I’m unable to proceed with the refund request."
As the transaction is not shown there in the transaction history,, you may have not be charged after al.
The statement from your payment method may show, and also who was receiving the payments you made.
or
you may have purchased the subscription from within the developer's app. If the developer has your money, Apple doesn't have it to refund to you.
You may need to check that the cancellation request went through correctly.
Eg: You might want to try using the same app that you subscribed in to cancel the subscription if it doesn't show as cancelled.
or
See if you still need to cancel on the developer's website:
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More info: About purchases not billed through the App Store or the App Store’s In-App Purchase system - Apple Support. Eg: says:
" If you paid for an app, a purchase within an app, or a subscription outside of Apple’s ecosystem, contact the developer for billing support or a refund. Apple is unable to provide support for these purchases."
There is more info, (and tips on contacting the developer) available via the above linked article.
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Re: "Has anyone else faced this issue after cancelling SuperGrok via the iOS app?"
As Apple users, like yourself, unless others answer directly to you here, we have no way of knowing whether feedback has been sent to Apple on this issue, or not.
If needed: To report a concern about an app, you must provide the URL (web-address) of the app.
Find the URL for content to report a concern - Apple Support
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Re: "Any idea how to get the erroneous charge refunded? "
If the subscription was cancelled correctly at least 24 hours before the current subscription period expired,
and the payment / transaction went though properly.:
The best source of help for a product not made by Apple (a third-party product)
is the company or person who made it—its vendor or developer:
Contact a third-party vendor - Apple Support
or
How to contact an app developer - Apple Support