Apple provides a Terminal command line tool named Scriptable Image Processing System (SIPS). It is an alternative to Preview for adjusting the size (dimensions) of an image without damaging the EXIF data such as keywords. The free ExifTool is another alternative but is far more complicated (and powerful) than SIPS.
I just took a 1920x1200 JPG with three keywords in it and resampled it at 1600 pixels to an output JPG. The resample automatically adapts the height to the width change. The three keywords were preserved in both JPG files.
sips --resampleWidth 1600 -o foo.jpg 02342_foo.jpg
If you enter the following command in the Terminal, it will generate a PDF man page for sips and open it in Preview:
sips --man | mandoc -Tpdf -mdoc | tee sips.pdf | open -f -a Preview
Sips supports other output formats and if you enter the following command, it will show you which ones it can write too:
sips --formats | more