DU cannot repair damaged disk resp. disk running macOS Sequoia

if the drive is failing or has failed w/ major corruption and can not be repaired— replace it.

Erase and reformat a storage device in Disk Utility on Mac

Erase and reformat a storage device in Disk Utility on Mac - Apple Support

if this is you internal drive(?) you can try erase/reformat/an initialize as new the Top most parent drive.

Diskutility>View>Show All Devices

Erase and reinstall macOS

Modern Apple computers the internal SSD can not be replaced independently.

Apple Reuse and Recycling Program

If Disk Utility First Aid cannot repair the drive, you have two options:

(1) Copy all files off (it told you to do this, e.g. "make a backup") and then erase the physical drive, reformat it, then copy the files back. But keep backing up its files, the drive is suspect at this point.

(2) as leroy says, just replace the drive

There are no magic "sudo" terminal commands to fix this. First Aid runs the terminal command "fsck" which you can also run from terminal yourself. You have the above two options.

Personally, I would go with leroy's suggestion, (2) above. If the file catalog error were straightforward to fix, First Aid would have fixed it.

falk227 wrote:

@leroydouglas

Sometimes reading can be helpful. Sorry.

I told "an container from an external physical disk"

Plus I had found already a working solution, but from a thread I cannot remember.

"However, I remember that I had a similar problem some months ago" — this repeating failure/corruption is pointing to failing drive.

I would not trust this drive with my user data.

falk227 wrote:

@steve626 "There are no magic 'sudo' terminal commands to fix this."

As I told, there was a working solution with a single terminal command. Unfortunately I can't remember the threads title. And unfortunately I had not made a notice an this spevial command.

Definitively my mistakes... But that ist the reason for posting my problem here.

I am sorry I am not coming up with the terminal sudo command you are looking for. But a corrupted file system on a drive is a serious error, it requires fsck to be run. Running fsck also sometimes requires sudo. I believe the command you are searching for is fsck. There are some options available in terminal, while Disk Utility First Aid runs just one version of fsck. In that sense there may be some advantage to the command in terminal.

Try the following:

1 - Boot into the Recovery volume (boot with the Command + R keys held down  - Intel Macs) or  (How to Boot a Silicon Mac into Recovery Mode), select Disk Utility for the Utilities menu and run First Aid on the boot drive.