Will deleting photos from iPad delete in on iPhone as well if I enable "Sync this device"?

If i enable the “Sync this (device)” on one of my devices, will it go on for my other device(s)? Because i’m going to delete most of my photos from my iPad, but that is connected to my iPhone, and I don’t want to delete any of the photos from my iPhone, only my iPad. What does the Sync this (device) button do exactly?

[Re-Titled by Moderator]

Original Title: Enabling the Sync This Device