How to recover data after accidentally erasing Macintosh HD?

Looks like the storage hardware might not be working.

Apple Diagnostics can find hard errors, but can miss transient errors.

Use Apple Diagnostics to test your Mac - Apple Support

If the SSD storage was erased, you’ll need a Time Machine backup or some other backup.

If the SSD is failing, booting from external storage might be a workaround:

Use an external SSD as your startup disk … - Apple Community

If the root problem is displayed in the 1st screen capture, use this workaround to install High Sierra via Recovery:

https://mrmacintosh.com/how-to-fix-the-recovery-server-could-not-be-contacted-error-high-sierra-recovery-is-still-online-but-broken/

While you are booted to Recovery, use Disk Utility > View > Show All Devices, select the topmost device (not any volume under it), erase the device as APFS (case insensitive) with GUID partition scheme, and set a desired name. Then switch to High Sierra installer and try again to install to the freshly erased volume. If that fails, maybe try to erase as MacOS Extended instead APFS (although I guess that Mac's firmware seems to support APFS -- what Mac model is it??). If also that fails, then maybe the internal disk is broken and you could try to install to an external disk (although a broken internal disk might intervene also with that).