Microsoft only supports the three most recent versions of macOS. Once macOS 26 Tahoe is release in a month or two, then macOS 14.x Sonoma will likely be the required minimum OS to use with MS products.
You can access Teams through a web browser if you have a MS 365 subscription even on an unsupported version of macOS, I don't know if Teams is accessible in a browser with any free MS accounts. According to MS, you can access Teams through a web browser by using the following URL where you will be presented with a prompt to login with your MS account:
teams.microsoft.com
You can get the exact model of your Mac by clicking the Apple menu and selecting "About This Mac". I'm guessing it will show a MBPro (2016) since they are only able to run up to macOS 12.x Monterey. A MBPro (2017) model designation can upgrade to macOS 13.x Ventura (last supported version of macOS for the 2017 model).