"Failed to verify your identity. Try again."
SOLVED!!
I finally figured out the solution for likely mostly everybody that's been encountering this issue. That is, if you've been getting this exact error message when you try to sign-in to your iCloud account on icloud.com or account.apple.com on a PC browser other than Safari (Chrome in my case). I'm using a Windows 11 PC.
I went down a crazy rabbit hole with the Google Search Engine and ChatGPT. However, the answer ridiculously simple.......
ANSWER: Reset settings.
1) Click the three dots in the top right of Chrome, next to your Chrome profile picture.
2) Click "Settings" at the bottom of the dropdown menu.
3) Find "Reset settings" on the left hand side.
4) Boom. Congratulations. You've now fixed your Google account and can sign-in to your account without having to go into incognito mode or use the Safari browser, if Chrome is your preference.
Hope this helps everyone that's been encountering this weird Chrome issue.