How can I fix macOS installation errors on my MacBook?

You likely do not want to hear my advice but I recommend getting a new computer. I would not spend any time, effort, or money on such an old, vintage/obsolete computer. Even if you get it working it will never be able to run current operating systems or apps. And it will not get security updates.

Captian.J. wrote:

Greetings, I had issues with my old MacBook, with macOS Catalina, so I decided to upgrade it, to New SSD, 10GB memory, new DVD drive, new battery. I did do a bootable USB, Now I want to boot it with using the usb but it will not accept it. So I’m trying to just boot it without external drive, but not going anywhere past the macOS utilities window. I opened disk utility, erased the disk, then I corrected the time using terminal.

I clicked on install macOS, install High Sierra shows up, but a window shows up saying “the server couldn’t be connected” no disk (SSD) shows up.

how do I proceed.

MacBook Pro 13” mid 2010 is not capable of running macOS Catalina !

we can not support hack-a-mac here in these communities, for any such trickery. This is against Apple® hardware/Software agreements.

Reference—

High Sierra is no longer available via the update/download server for some unknown reason.

you can download directly the macOS Sierra from the Content Directory Network (cdn-apple)

Sierra :

http://updates-http.cdn-apple.com/2019/cert/061-39476-20191023-48f365f4-0015-4c41-9f44-39d3d2aca067/InstallOS.dmg

ref: Create a bootable installer for macOS

Read High Sierra "The Recovery Server Could Not Be Contacted" Error. FIXED 2024 - Apple Community 

Caveat: I have not recently verified it.