I have been showing users how to do this for years with most responding that the procedure just works.
Select the entire table by selecting the first cell (e.g. A1), press the shift-key, and then select the last cell (e.g. F6) from a table such as the following in Numbers v14.4 on Sequoia v15.6.1:

Copy the selected table to the clipboard.
In Pages v14.4, you insert a default blank table. Click once to select cell A1, and then apply a simple paste into that cell. Pages will automatically adjust rows and columns of the receiving table to fit the pasted Numbers table contents. Since a Pages table is restricted by the margins, it may make extremely narrow columns if you attempt to do this with a Numbers table with excessively wide columns or too many columns.
Animation:

The Pages and Numbers versions that I have used should make no difference on Sonoma with your application versions being older. I did this when I was running Sonoma and it worked the same.
I recommend that you update Sonoma to 14.7.7 via the System Settings > General > Software Update panel. It may show the current Sequoia v15.6.1 if your Mac is compatible, but further down on that page you may see Another update is available with a More Info… link. When you click that, it will allow you to select and install Sonoma 14.7.7 and not Sequoia. If it offers a newer Safari on that panel, then choose it too.
You should have the same versions of Pages and Numbers. To accomplish the last compatible versions of Pages and Numbers for macOS Sonoma, you want to do the following:
- Launch the Mac App Store
- If not already, sign into the Mac App Store with the same Apple ID used to previously install Pages and Numbers.
- Press cmd+0 (Zero) to open the Previous Purchased panel.
- If Pages and Numbers offer any form of download symbol, click that.
- Do not click Cancel on any subsequent dialog. The last dialog will ask if you want to install the last compatible version of Pages and Numbers for Sonoma. Do that.
- Quit the Mac App Store application
- At this point, both Pages and Numbers should be the same version