Suggest you start here: Mac User Guide - Apple Support
I cannot answer all this but will hit some of your points where I have expericence with both Mac and Windows. This is a lot of subject matter to cover in thuis forum setting. And remember, only other end user, not Apple, respond here.
First, understand that the last true "MacBook" was discontinued in 2019. The current models are the entry-level MacBook Air and the more powerful MacBook Pro.
— Chrome is a known resource hog in both macSO and Windows. Computers using it run hot. The Macbook Pro has cooling fans to deal with the heat Chrome and other activities like video-conferencing generate. The Macbook Air has no fans. If you insist on, or are required to use Chrome, you need to get a more powerful laptop than the Macbook Air,
I also recommend that you look at the Brave browser. It has the same underlying engine as Chrome but without Google's intrusiveness and complexity.
— I also use Google apps online such as Keep and Photos. Do they function well similar to Windows?
I don't use Google's apps—Google is too nosey for my tastes, so I cannot comment on other Google products.
— I use Microsoft apps such as Word, One Drive and 365
I have used Office for Mac since before they called it "Office" (Word v4). Today I am running Office 365 with no issues. Fast and stable on my M4 Pro Macbook Pro and Mrs AJ's M4 iMac.
— Can i log-in using my MS account via the Mac app (which doesn't have the most positive reviews out there
Don't believe everything you read on the internet. There are a lot of Mac haters out there. No MS Account issues here unless I try from an outdated browser on an older Mac thte MS no longer supports. Works fine from Safari on our newer Macs. I find the mac versions of Word and Excel easier to use than the Win versions, and I've used both professionally and at home.
— Screen shots can be done with quick keyboard shortcuts in any app. No need ot launch anything like Window's Snipping Tool: Take screenshots or screen recordings on Mac - Apple Support
— Is there a feature within Chrome (or Edge or Safari) that reads an article or words on a web page)
Better than that. Mac Text-to speech is system-level supported so it works across most apps, not just Chrome:
Change Spoken Content settings for accessibility on Mac - Apple Support
— Can a Mac do multi window, stacked or side-by-side multitasking now?
My recollection is that macOS was allowing preemptive multi-taksing and fast app switching before Windows. Switching between apps is a simple 2-key combo. I
Split scren view stared in 2018, See: Use apps in Split View on Mac - Apple Support
— Does a Macbook allow "direct" bluetooth connection without the dongle?
Absolutely, There are plenty of aftermarket wireless mice that work on Mac without dongles. I like Logitech mice; their web site lets you sort by Mac-compatible devices.
— I am used to using Ctrl + A/X/C/Y to ***, copy or paste words and sentences. Is there a similar or easier process on a Mac?
I believe Apple were using those commands first, We got our first Mac in about 1990 and those were the commands.. You can also using do/apply those with a right-click as in Windows but I find the key combos easier.
— I organise my files using the File Manager.
The Finder in macOS handles that
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What to order? Again, the Macbook Pro is best for demanding apps. The base Macbook Pro comes with 16GB RAM which I find is plenty for MS Office and browsing. It has two cooling fans and the base storate is an acceptable 512GB. If you up-order anything, I would opt for more storage—1TB.
Anyone switching OS from Windows to Mac or vice-versa will face a learning curve. The museum where I volunteer just changed to a Windows 11 model and I struggle with it even though I was pretty comfortable with Win 7 on their old computer. If you have so many concerns and need to be abt to have a fast transition, it is 100% OK to stay with Windows. You can buy a nicely-appointed Win 11 laptop for half the cost of a MacBook Pro.