Re: "Sending & Viewing Files as Attachments in Mail and Not Within the Message
Every time I view an email that has an attachment on the Mail app for Mac,
it shows the file within the person's message, and it does the same when I send a message"
In the Mail app: In a message you are sending you can use the top menu:
"Edit > Attachments > Insert Attachments at End."
or
To automatically add attachments at end of messages you compose:
"From the Message Viewer,
choose Edit > Attachments > Always Insert Attachments at End of Message (a tick indicates it’s on)."
From: Add attachments to emails in Mail on Mac - Apple Support
Another option: Put the cursor (arrow / pointer) wherever you want the file.
Drag a file from the desktop to where you want it in the message window.
Two-finger click the attachment to view the small menu that opens
You can choose to show the attachment as an icon if you want.
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Re: " Is there a way to change this to make it show as an attachment at the top of the email?
(Looking for something similar to how Outlook handles attachments.)"
Not automatically at the top, that I know of. (Seems upside down to me.)
Generally the attachment is mentioned in text at the top, and appears underneath the message.
The way I understand it: we have no control over the way other's may choose to send attachments to us,
(apart from asking them nicely to do as we prefer).
Although ...
I don't know whether you could set up a filter ? / a rule ? for all incoming messages with attachments