MacBook Pro 2012 with Catalina: 'Update Apple ID Settings' loop

I get this error every time I open my MacBook Pro late 2012 with the latest Catalina update. “Update Apple ID Settings, Some account services will not be available until you sign in again”

then I select “Continue” and enter my iCloud password. I wait forever and it just keeps asking me for my password again and again after long waits. It’s in a never ending circle with no login.

[Re-Titled by Moderator]

Original Title: Account services