That’s interesting, my polarized sunglasses make my screen almost black. If i tilt my head I see more of the screen, but never as little as just 10%.
I encounter similar issues in the bright sunlight where I live (Florida Gulf Coast) and it’s just the way they work. In the heat the screen dims and my pupils to constrict. In bright light I can’t see the screen well until I get into the shade.
In my experience running my iPhone at full brightness, running the GPS, using iTunes (or Spotify) to download music, run the cellular radio (for streaming music) and having my iPhone plugged into a fast charger definitely cause heat to build up. Things are necessarily disabled to reduce battery life, especially if plugged in and charging. It sounds like heat is the issue.
What is running in the background? Look at your last 24 hour and 10 days battery usage by App and see who the culprits are. Once identified, delete the app(s) and download another copy. Many of the Meta and Google apps are well known culprits.
There are several avenues to report your issues to Apple. One way is to use the feedback link I shared below. You can also call Apple Support or use the chat feature in areas where available. Use the links below to report your issues.
Product Feedback - Apple
Official Apple Support